If they are done appropriately they should provide valuable feedback on the function point counting process 因为如果他们审计正确,将会给功能点估算过程提供非常有价值的反馈。
We ' ll introduce some definitions and some previous results in section 3 . 1 , and introduce the precise asymptotics for the counting process of record times of i . i . d 我们将在3 1节介绍一些定义及已有的结果,在3
Implement inventory cycle count according to cycle count process , make full analysis on any variance and take necessary measures for improvement 根据周期计算流程实施周期计算,对任何变化作周全的分析并采取必要措施提高。
They can enter the counting stations after 10 . 30 pm on september 10 to see the opening of ballot boxes and witness the whole counting process 欢迎市民参观开启票箱和整个点票过程,市民可于9月10日晚上10时30分后进入各点票站。
Like other industries that have prescribed guidelines ( such as accounting ) , independent auditors can provide valuable feedback on the actual function point count and the overall function point counting process 和其他有既定指导方针的行业(如会计业)一样,独立的审计师可以对实际功能点估算和整个功能点估算过程提供很有价值的反馈。
It is just like what embrechts , kl ppelberg and mikosch ( 1997 ) [ 6 ] pointed out : " random sums are the bread and butter of insurance mathematics " . and what have intimate relation with random sums are renewal counting processes and other counting processes . in the current theory of insurance and finance , the random variables generating counting processes are often supposed independent identically distributed , this hypothesis is reasonable in many situations and we have obtained rather satisfactory " results about it ) ppelbergandmikosch ( 1997 ) [ 6 ]指出: “随机和就像是保险数学中的面包和黄油” ,而与随机和密切相关的是更新计数过程和其他计数过程,在现行保险金融理论中,人们往往假设构成计数过程的随机变量独立同分布,这一假设在许多场合下是合理的,并且取得了颇为圆满的结果。
But in more situations the random variables generating counting processes may not independent identically distributed , and in all kinds of dependent relations , negative association ( na ) and positive association ( pa ) are commonly seen . the research and apply in this aspect are rather valuable . in chap 2 we prove wald inequalities and fundamental renewal theorems of renewal counting processes generated by na sequences and pa sequences ; in chap 3 we are enlightened by cheng and wang [ 8 ] , extend some results in gut and steinebach [ 7 ] , obtain the precise asymptotics for renewal counting processes and depict the convergence rate and limit value of renewal counting processes precisely ; at last , in the study of na sequences , su , zhao and wang ( 1996 ) [ 9 ] , lin ( 1997 ) [ 10 ] have proved the weak convergence for partial sums of stong stationary na sequences . however product sums are the generalization of partial sums and also the special condition of more general u - statistic 但在更多的场合中,构成计数过程的随机变量未必相互独立,而在各种相依关系中,负相协( na )和正相协( pa )是颇为常见的关系,这方面的研究和应用也是颇有价值的,本文的第二章证明了na列和pa列构成的更新计数过程的wald不等式和基本更新定理的一些初步结果;本文的第三章则是受到cheng和wang [ 8 ]的启发,推广了gut和steinebach [ 7 ] )中的一些结论,从而得到了更新计数过程在一般吸引场下的精致渐近性,对更新计数过程的收敛速度及极限状态进行精致的刻画;最后,在有关na列的研究中,苏淳,赵林成和王岳宝( 1996 ) 》 [ 9 ] ,林正炎( 1997 ) [ 10 ]已经证明了强平稳na列的部分和过程的弱收敛性,而乘积和是部分和的一般化,也是更一般的u统计量的特况,它与部分和有许多密切的联系又有一些实质性的区别,因此,本文的第四章就将讨论强平稳na列的乘积和过程的弱收敛性,因为计数过程也是一种部分和,也可以构成乘积和,这个结果为研究计数过程的弱收敛性作了一些准备。
In order to meet the needs of recent research in applied probability , such as finance and insurance , risk theory , random walk theory , queueing theory and branching processes and so on , the concepts of heavy - tailed random variables ( or heavy - tailed distributions ) are introduced . they are one of the important objects many scholars are concerned on . on the other hand , in a risk process , the number of these heavy - tailed variables " occurrence until the time t , i . e . all kinds of counting process , is one of the important objects , which many scholars are studying 在应用概率的许多领域,如金融保险、风险理论、随机游动理论、排队论、分支过程等,重尾随机变量或重尾分布都是重要的对象之一,另一方面,在一个风险过程中,到t时刻时,这些重尾变量出现的个数,即各种记数过程,也是人们研究的主要对象之一,本文主要对重尾分布的控制关系与极值过程的跳时点过程的精致渐近性进行深入的讨论。